The first person to speak about qadar in Basra was Mabad al-Juhani. So I and Humayd bin Abdul-Rahman al-Himyari set out for Hajj or Umrah, and we said to one another, "If only we could meet one of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and ask him about what these people are saying regarding qadar."By good fortune, Abdullah bin Umar was granted to us as he was entering the mosque. My companion and I flanked him, one on his right and the other on his left. I thought my companion would leave the talking to me, so I said, "Abu Abdul-Rahman, certain people have appeared among us who recite the Quran and pursue knowledge," and I described their state, "claiming that there is no qadar and that matters occur without prior decree."He replied, "When you meet those people, tell them that I am free of them and they are free of me. By the One whom Abdullah bin Umar swears by, if one of them had gold equal to Mount Uhud and spent it, Allah would not accept it from him until he believes in qadar."Then he said, "My father Umar bin Khattab told me, 'While we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ one day, a man with strikingly white clothing came upon us...'" and he mentioned the hadith in full, which includes, "...and that you believe in qadar, both its good and its evil."
كان أول من تكلم في القدر بالبصرة معبد الجهني، فانطلقت أنا وحميد بن عبد الرحمن الحميري حاجين أو معتمرين، فقلنا: لو لقينا أحدا من أصحاب رسول الله ﷺ فسألناه عما يقول هؤلاء في القدر، فوفق لنا عبد الله بن عمر داخلا المسجد، فاكتنفته أنا وصاحبي أحدنا عن يمينه والآخر عن شماله، فظننت أن صاحبي سيكل الكلام إلي. فقلت: أبا عبد الرحمن، إنه قد ظهر قبلنا ناس يقرؤون القرآن ويتفقرون العلم (أي يطلبونه)، وذكر من شأنهم يزعمون أن لا قدر، والأمر أنف (أي مستأتف، لم يسبق به قدر، ولا علم من الله تعالى، وإنما يعلمه بعد وقوعه)؟ قال: إذا لقيت هؤلاء فأخبرهم أني بريء منهم، وأنهم براء مني. والذي يحلف به عبد الله بن عمر لو أن لأحدهم مثل أحد ذهبا فأنفقه ما قبل الله منه، حتى يؤمن بالقدر، ثم قال: حدثني أبي عمر بن الخطاب قال: بينما نحن عند رسول الله ﷺ ذات يوم، إذ طلع علينا رجل شديد بياض الثياب. فذكر الحديث بطوله، وفيه: أن تؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره.
Muslim narrated it in the Book of Faith (8) through several routes from Kahmas, from Abdullah bin Burayda, from Yahya bin Yamar, and he related it.Muslim also narrated it from Muhammad bin Hatim, who said, Yahya bin Saeed Qattan told us, Uthman bin Ghiyath told us, Abdullah bin Burayda told us, from Yahya bin Yamar and Humayd bin Abdul-Rahman, who said, "We met Abdullah bin Umar and mentioned to him predestination and what people say about it." He then related the hadith in a manner similar to their hadith from Umar, from the Prophet ﷺ, with some addition in it, though he omitted something from it. End of quote.I say, the addition that Muslim pointed to but did not relate in full was given by Abu Dawud (4696), and it is his statement, "A man from Mazina or Juhayna asked him, saying, 'O Messenger of Allah, what is the purpose of deeds? Is it for something already past and gone, or for something yet to come?' He said, 'For something already past and gone.' The man, or one of the people, said, 'Then what is the purpose of deeds?' He said, 'The people of Paradise are made to find ease in doing the deeds of the people of Paradise, and the people of Hell are made to find ease in doing the deeds of the people of Hell.'"Abu Dawud narrated it from Musaddad, from Yahya, with his chain of transmission.Mabad is Ibn Khalid bin Uwaymir Juhani Basri. Abu Hatim said, "He was the first to speak about predestination in Basra, and he was a leading figure in that doctrine. He came to Madinah and corrupted the people there. The caliph Abdul-Malik bin Marwan bin Hakam had him killed in the year eighty, and crucified him in Damascus."