Kaab bin Malik said, "We set out among the pilgrims of our people who were polytheists, and we had already prayed and gained understanding of the religion. With us was Bara bin Marur, our chief and elder. When we set off on our journey and left Madinah, Bara said, 'Listen, I have come to a view, and by Allah, I do not know whether you will agree with me on it or not.'We asked, 'What is it?'He said, 'I have decided that I will not turn my back on this structure,' meaning the Kaabah, 'and that I will pray facing it.'We replied, 'By Allah, we have not heard that our Prophet ﷺ prays toward anything but Sham, and we do not wish to differ from him.'He said, 'I am going to pray facing it.'We told him, 'But we will not.'So whenever the time of prayer came, we would pray toward Sham while he prayed toward the Kaabah, until we reached Makkah."He continued, "We had criticized him for what he was doing, but he refused to do anything else. When we arrived in Makkah, he said to me, 'Nephew, let us go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that I may ask him about what I have done on this journey of mine. Something has weighed on my heart because of how all of you opposed me in this matter.'So we set out to ask about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. We did not know him and had never seen him before. We met a man from the people of Makkah and asked him about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He asked, 'Do you two know him?'We said, 'No.'He asked, 'Do you know his uncle Abbas bin Abdul-Muttalib?'We said, 'Yes,' for we knew Abbas, since he used to come to us regularly as a merchant.He said, 'When you enter the mosque, he is the man sitting with Abbas.'We entered the mosque, and there was Abbas sitting, with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sitting beside him. We greeted them and sat down with him.The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked Abbas, 'Do you know these two men, Abu al-Fadl?'He answered, 'Yes. This is Bara bin Marur, the chief of his people, and this is Kaab bin Malik.'By Allah, I shall never forget the words of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, 'The poet?'Abbas said, 'Yes.'Then Bara bin Marur said to him, 'Prophet of Allah, I set out on this journey of mine after Allah Most High guided me to Islam, and I decided that I would not turn my back on this structure, so I prayed facing it. My companions opposed me in this, and something of it has weighed on my heart. What do you say, Messenger of Allah?'He said, 'You were upon a qiblah, if only you had been patient with it.'So Bara returned to the qiblah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and prayed with us toward Sham. His family claim that he prayed toward the Kaabah until he died, but it was not as they said. We know better about him than they do."Kaab bin Malik continued, "Then we set out for the pilgrimage, and we agreed to meet the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at al-Aqaba in the middle days of Tashriq. When we finished the pilgrimage, on the night that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had appointed for us, Abdullah bin Amr bin Haram, the father of Jabir, was with us. He was one of our chiefs and one of our nobles. We took him aside, while keeping our affair hidden from those of our people who were polytheists. We spoke to him and said, 'Abu Jabir, you are one of our chiefs and one of our nobles, and we wish for you to leave what you are upon, lest you become firewood for the Fire tomorrow.' Then we invited him to Islam and informed him of the appointment the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had set with us at al-Aqaba. He accepted Islam, was present with us at al-Aqaba, and became a chief.We slept that night with our people in our camps, and when a third of the night had passed, we slipped out of our camps for the appointment with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, stealing away as quietly as sand grouse, until we gathered in the ravine at al-Aqaba. We were seventy-three men, and with us were two of our women, Nusayba bint Kaab, Umm Umara, one of the women of Banu Mazin bin al-Najjar, and Asma bint Amr bin Adi bin Nabi, one of the women of Banu Salama, who is Umm Mani.We gathered in the ravine waiting for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until he came to us, accompanied by Abbas bin Abdul-Muttalib. Abbas was at that time still on the religion of his people, but he wished to be present at his nephew's affair and to secure the matter for him.When he sat down, the first to speak was Abbas bin Abdul-Muttalib. He said, 'People of Khazraj,' and the Arabs used to call this tribe of the Ansar Khazraj, including both the Khazraj and the Aws, 'Muhammad is from us, as you know. We have protected him from those of our people who hold the same view of him as we do, so he is held in honor among his people and in security in his land. But he has refused anything but to join you and attach himself to you. If you believe that you can fulfill what you have called him to and protect him from those who oppose him, then you and what you have taken upon yourselves. But if you think you will hand him over and abandon him after taking him out to your land, then leave him now, for he is in honor and protection among his people and in his land.'We said to him, 'We have heard what you said. Speak, Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and take for yourself and for your Lord whatever you wish.'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ spoke. He recited the Quran, called to Allah, and encouraged us in Islam. Then he said, 'I take your pledge that you will protect me from whatever you protect your women and your children.'Bara bin Marur took his hand and said, 'Yes, by the One who sent you with the truth as a Prophet, we shall protect you from whatever we protect our own selves from. So accept our pledge, Messenger of Allah, for by Allah, we are sons of war and people of arms, inherited from our forefathers generation after generation.'While Bara was speaking with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Abu al-Haytham bin al-Tayyihan interrupted and said, 'Messenger of Allah, between us and these men,' meaning the Jews, 'there are bonds, and we will sever them. So if we do that and Allah grants you victory, will you perhaps return to your people and leave us?'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ smiled and then said, 'Rather, blood for blood, ruin for ruin. I am from you and you are from me. I will fight whoever you fight and make peace with whoever you make peace with.'"Kaab said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Bring forth to me from among yourselves twelve chiefs to be in charge of their people in all matters.' So they brought forth twelve chiefs, nine from the Khazraj and three from the Aws."
خرجنا في حجاج قومنا من المشركين، وقد صلينا وفقهنا، ومعنا البراء بن معرور، سيدنا وكبيرنا. فلما وجهنا لسفرنا، وخرجنا من المدينة، قال البراء: يا هؤلاء، إني قد رأيت رأيا، والله ما أدري، أتوافقوني عليه، أم لا؟ قال: قلنا: وما ذاك؟ قال: قد رأيت أن لا أدع هذه البنية مني بظهر، يعني الكعبة، وأن أصلي إليها. قال: فقلنا: والله ما بلغنا أن نبينا ﷺ يصلي إلا إلى الشام، وما نريد أن نخالفه. قال: إني لمصل إليها. قال: فقلنا له: لكنا لا نفعل. قال: فكنا إذا حضرت الصلاة صلينا إلى الشام، وصلى إلى الكعبة، حتى قدمنا مكة. قال: وقد كنا عبنا عليه ما صنع، وأبى إلا الإقامة على ذلك، فلما قدمنا مكة قال لي: يا ابن أخي، انطلق بنا إلى رسول الله ﷺ، حتى أسأله عما صنعت في سفري هذا، فإنه قد وقع في نفسي منه شيء، لما رأيت من خلافكم إياي فيه. قال: فخرجنا نسأل عن رسول الله ﷺ، وكنا لا نعرفه، ولم نره قبل ذلك، فلقينا رجلا من أهل مكة، فسألناه عن رسول الله ﷺ، فقال: هل تعرفانه؟ فقلنا: لا، قال: هل تعرفان العباس بن عبد المطلب عمه؟ قال: قلنا: نعم-قال: وقد كنا نعرف العباس، وكان لا يزال يقدم علينا تاجرا- قال: فإذا دخلتما المسجد فهو الرجل الجالس مع العباس. قال: فدخلنا المسجد فإذا العباس جالس، ورسول الله ﷺ جالس معه، فسلمنا ثم جلسنا إليه. فقال رسول الله ﷺ للعباس: هل تعرف هذين الرجلين يا أبا الفضل؟ قال: نعم، هذا البراء بن معرور، سيد قومه؛ وهذا كعب بن مالك. قال: فوالله ما أنسى قول رسول الله ﷺ: الشاعر؟ قال: نعم. قال: فقال له البراء بن معرور: يا نبي الله، إني خرجت في سفري هذا، قد هداني الله تعالى للإسلام، فرأيت أن لا أجعل هذه البنية مني بظهر، فصليت إليها، وقد خالفني أصحابي في ذلك، حتى وقع في نفسي من ذلك شيء، فماذا ترى يا رسول الله؟ قال: قد كنت على قبلة لو صبرت عليها. قال: فرجع البراء إلى قبلة رسول الله ﷺ، وصلى معنا إلى الشام. قال: وأهله يزعمون أنه صلى إلى الكعبة حتى مات، وليس ذلك كما قالوا، نحن أعلم به منهم. قال كعب بن مالك: ثم خرجنا إلى الحج وواعدنا رسول الله ﷺ العقبة من أوسط أيام التشريق، فلما فرغنا من الحج، وكانت الليلة التي واعدنا رسول الله ﷺ لها ومعنا عبد الله بن عمرو بن حرام أبو جابر، سيد من سادتنا وشريف من أشرافنا، أخذناه وكنا نكتم من معنا من قومنا من المشركين أمرنا، فكلمناه وقلنا له: يا أبا جابر إنك سيد من سادتنا، وشريف من أشرافنا، وإنا نرغب بك عما أنت فيه، أن تكون حطبا للنار غدا، ثم دعوناه إلى الإسلام، وأخبرناه بميعاد رسول الله ﷺ إيانا العقبة قال: فأسلم وشهد معنا العقبة، وكان نقيبا. قال: فنمنا تلك الليلة مع قومنا في رحالنا، حتى إذا مضى ثلث الليل خرجنا من رحالنا لميعاد رسول الله ﷺ نتسلل تسلل القطا مستخفين، حتى اجتمعنا في الشعب عند العقبة، ونحن ثلاثة وسبعون رجلا، ومعنا امرأتان من نسائنا: نسيبة بنت كعب، أم عمارة، إحدى نساء بني مازن بن النجار، وأسماء بنت عمرو بن عدي بن نابي إحدى نساء بني سلمة وهي: أم منيع. قال: فاجتمعنا في الشعب ننتظر رسول الله ﷺ حتى جاءنا ومعه العباس بن عبد المطلب، وهو يومئذ على دين قومه، إلا أنه أحب أن يحضر أمر ابن أخيه ويتوثق له. فلما جلس كان أول متكلم العباس بن عبد المطلب، فقال: يا معشر الخزرج- قال: وكانت العرب إنما يسمون هذا الحي من الأنصار: الخزرج خزرجها وأوسها- إن محمدا منا حيث علمتم، وقد منعناه من قومنا ممن هو على مثل رأينا فيه، فهو في عزة من قومه ومنعة في بلده وإنه قد أبى إلا الإنحياز إليكم، واللحوق بكم، فإن كنتم ترون أنكم وافون له بما دعوتموه إليه ومانعوه ممن خالفه، فأنتم وما تحملتم من ذلك، وإن كنتم ترون أنكم مسلموه وخاذلوه بعد الخروج به إليكم، فمن الآن فدعوه، فإنه في عزة ومنعة من قومه وبلده. قال: فقلنا له: قد سمعنا ما قلت، فتكلم يا رسول الله ﷺ فخذ لنفسك ولربك ما أحببت. قال: فتكلم رسول الله ﷺ فتلا القرآن، ودعا إلى الله، ورغب في الإسلام. ثم قال: أبايعكم على أن تمنعوني مما تمنعون منه نساءكم وأبناءكم قال: فأخذ البراء بن معرور بيده وقال: نعم والذي بعثك بالحق نبيا لنمنعنك مما نمنع منه أزرنا فبايعنا يا رسول الله ﷺ، فنحن والله أبناء الحروب وأهل الحلقة ورثناها كابرا عن كابر. قال: فاعترض القول، والبراء يكلم رسول الله ﷺ، أبو الهيثم بن التيهان فقال: يا رسول الله، إن بيننا وبين الرجال حبالا، وإنا قاطعوها- يعني: اليهود- فهل عسيت إن فعلنا ذلك ثم أظهرك الله أن ترجع إلى قومك وتدعنا؟ قال: فتبسم رسول الله ﷺ ثم قال: بل الدم الدم، والهدم الهدم، أنا منكم وأنتم مني، أحارب من حاربتم وأسالم من سالمتم قال كعب: وقد قال رسول الله ﷺ: أخرجوا إلي منكم اثني عشر نقيبا ليكونوا على قومهم بما فيهم فأخرجوا منهم اثني عشر نقيبا، تسعة من الخزرج وثلاثة من الأوس.
Ibn Ishaq narrated it. He said, Mabad bin Kaab bin Malik bin Abu Kaab bin Qayn, the brother of Banu Salama, told me that his brother Abdullah bin Kaab, who was one of the most knowledgeable of the Ansar, told him that his father Kaab bin Malik, who was among those who were present at Aqaba and gave the pledge to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ there, said, then he related the hadith. Sirat bin Hisham (1/440–443). Ahmad also narrated it (15798) through the route of Ibn Ishaq, and Ibn Hibban graded it sahih (7011), as did Hakim (3/441) and Bayhaqi in Dalail (2/444), and Ibn Kathir mentioned it in Bidaya wal-Nihaya (4/294). Some of them abridged it. Its chain is hasan because of Muhammad bin Ishaq.The names of the twelve leaders were as follows.1. Abu Umama Asaad bin Zurara, from Khazraj.
2. Saad bin Rabi bin Amr, from Khazraj.
3. Abdullah bin Rawaha bin Thalaba, from Khazraj.
4. Rafi bin Malik bin Ajlan, from Khazraj.
5. Bara bin Marur, from Khazraj.
6. Abdullah bin Amr bin Haram, from Khazraj.
7. Ubada bin Samit bin Qays, from Khazraj.
8. Saad bin Ubada bin Dulaym, from Khazraj.
9. Munzir bin Amr bin Khunays, from Khazraj.
10. Usayd bin Hudayr bin Simak, from Aws.
11. Saad bin Khaythama bin Harith, from Aws.
12. Rifa bin Abdul-Munzir bin Zubayr, from Aws.Ibn Ishaq said, Abdullah bin Abu Bakr bin Hazm told me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to the leaders, "You are responsible for your people just as the disciples were responsible as guarantors for Isa bin Maryam, and I am the guarantor for my people," meaning the Muslims. They said, "Yes." However, this is a mursal narration. See Sirat bin Hisham (1/443, 446).Ahmad bin Saad also narrated it in his Tabaqat (3/602) from Muhammad bin Umar, who is Waqidi, who said, Kharija bin Abdullah and Ibrahim bin Ismail bin Abu Habiba told me, from Dawud bin Husayn, from Mahmud bin Labeed, who said, then he related something similar. This is a sahih mursal narration from a companion.Ibn Ishaq mentioned the names of seventy-three men and two women.In the mursal narration of Shaybi, it is said that the Prophet ﷺ went, along with his uncle Abbas, to the seventy men of the Ansar at Aqaba beneath the tree, and he said, "Let your spokesman speak, and let him not prolong the speech, for the polytheists have a spy watching you, and if they learn of you they will expose you." Their spokesman, Abu Umama, then said, "O Muhammad, ask for your Lord whatever you wish, then ask for yourself and your companions whatever you wish, then tell us what reward we shall have from Allah and from you if we do that."He said, "I ask you, for the sake of my Lord, Mighty and Majestic, to worship Him and not associate anything with Him, and I ask you, for my own sake and the sake of my companions, to shelter us, support us, and protect us from that which you protect yourselves from."They said, "What shall we have if we do that?"He said, "You shall have Paradise."They said, "Then that is yours."Ahmad narrated it (17078) from Yahya bin Zakariya bin Abu Zaida, who said, my father told me, from Amir Shaybi, who said, then he related it. This is a mursal narration.Ahmad connected it (17079) from Yahya bin Zakariya, from Mujalid, from Amir, from Abu Masud, with something similar, and he said that Abu Masud was the youngest of them in age. Mujalid is Ibn Saeed Hamdani, who is daif.