When Abu Talib died, the Prophet ﷺ set out on foot to Taif and called its people to Allah, but they did not respond to him. He came to the shade of a tree and prayed two rakahs, then he said,"Allah, to You I complain of the weakness of my strength, the scarcity of my resources, and my insignificance before people. Most Merciful of the merciful, You are the Lord of the oppressed, and You are my Lord. To whom do You entrust me? To a stranger who scowls at me? Or to an enemy to whom You have given control over my affair? If You are not angry with me, then I do not care, but Your protection is more expansive for me. I seek refuge in the light of Your Face, by which the darknesses are illuminated and the affairs of this world and the next are set right, from Your anger descending upon me or Your displeasure befalling me. To You belongs the right to reproach until You are pleased, and there is no power and no strength except through You."
لما توفي أبو طالب خرج النبي ﷺ ماشيا على قدميه إلى الطائف، ودعاهم إلى الله، فلم يجيبوه، فأتى ظل شجرة، فصلى ركعتين، ثم قال: اللهم إليك أشكو ضعف قوتي، وقلة حيلتي، وهواني على الناس، يا أرحم الراحمين، أنت رب المستضعفين، وأنت ربي، إلى من تكلني، إلى بعيد يتجهمني؟ أو إلى عدو ملكته أمري، إن لم يكن بك غضب علي فلا أبالي. غير أن عافيتك هي أوسع لي، أعوذ بنور وجهك الذي أشرقت له الظلمات، وصلح عليه أمر الدنيا والآخرة، أن يحل علي غضبك، أو أن ينزل بي سخطك، لك العتبى حتى ترضى، ولا حول ولا قوة إلا بك.
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Tabarani narrated it in al-Kabir (14/139–140) and in al-Dua (2/1280), and from him Diya in al-Mukhtara (9/181), and Ibn Adi in al-Kamil (6/2124), and Khatib in al-Jami li-Akhlaq al-Rawi wa Adab al-Sami (2/275), all of them through the route of Wahb bin Jareer bin Hazim, who said, my father narrated to us, from Muhammad bin Ishaq, from Hisham bin Urwa, from his father, from Abdullah bin Jafar bin Abu Talib, who said, then he mentioned it.Its chain of transmission is hasan because of Muhammad bin Ishaq. Even though he did not state explicitly, the leading scholars accepted from him in matters of military campaigns and biography what they did not accept from him in matters of legal rulings. For this reason the scholars received this supplication, known as the supplication of Taif, without any objection to Ibn Ishaq. Sheikh Islam bin Taymiya mentioned it in several places in his collected fatwas, using it as evidence that complaining to the Creator does not contradict beautiful patience. See (10/184–666).His student Hafiz bin Qayyim said in his Zad (3/31), "So he turned back from Taif to Makkah, grieving. And on that return journey he offered the well known supplication, the supplication of Taif." Then he mentioned the supplication without commenting on it in any way.So He sent the angel of the mountains, who said, "Your Lord has sent me to you so that you may command me as you wish," as comes in the hadith of Ayesha at the beginning of the chapter.Ibn Hisham handled it differently, mentioning it in his Sira (1/420) without the chain of transmission, simply appending it.