I found written on the hilt of the sword of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, "The most insolent of people are three. A man who strikes someone other than the one who struck him, a man who kills someone other than his killer, and a man who gives his loyalty to other than the people of his patronage. Whoever does any of these has disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger. Allah will accept from him neither obligatory nor voluntary deeds.The believers' lives are equal in value to one another, and the protection granted by the lowliest among them is binding upon them all. A Muslim is not to be killed for a disbeliever, nor is one bound by a covenant to be killed during his covenant. People of two different religions do not inherit from one another. A woman is not to be married while her paternal aunt or maternal aunt is also married to the same man. There is no prayer after Asr until the sun sets. A woman is not to travel for three nights except with a Muharram."
وجدت في قائم سيف رسول الله ﷺ كتابا: إن أشد الناس عتوا من ضرب غير ضاربه، ورجل قتل غير قاتله، ورجل تولى غير أهل نعمته، فمن فعل ذلك فقد كفر بالله ورسوله، لا يقبل الله منه صرفا ولا عدلا، وفي الأجر المؤمنون تكافا دماؤهم، ويسعى بذمتهم أدناهم. لا يقتل مسلم بكافر، ولا ذو عهد في عهده، ولا يتوارث أهل ملتين، ولا تنكح المرأة على عمتها ولا على خالتها، ولا صلاة بعد العصر حتى تغرب الشمس، ولا تسافر امرأة ثلاث ليال مع غير ذي محرم.
Abu Yaala (4757) narrated it from Abu Khaythama, who said, "Ubaydullah bin Abdul-Majid narrated to us, Ubaydullah bin Abdul-Rahman bin Mawhab narrated to us, and said, 'I heard Malik bin Muhammad bin Abdul-Rahman say, I heard Amra bint Abdul-Rahman narrate from Ayesha,'" and he related it.Daraqutni (3/131) and Bayhaqi (8/29-30) also narrated it, both from the report of Ubaydullah bin Abdul-Majid, and he related it. Its isnad is hasan because of Malik bin Muhammad Abu Rijal. Daraqutni was asked about him and said, "Sound." Suwalat Barqani (498). He is the brother of Haritha bin Abu Rijal, and Abdul-Rahman bin Abu Rijal and his brothers became known by their father's kunya. Abu Hatim said, "Malik was in a better state than his brothers." Ibn Hibban mentioned him in Thiqat (9/164), and he is among the men of Tajil. Ubaydullah bin Abdul-Rahman bin Mawhab is disputed, though his hadith is hasan.On this topic there is also a report from Jabir, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said, "People of two different religions do not inherit from one another." Tirmidhi (2108) narrated it from Humayd bin Masada, who said, "Husayn bin Numayr narrated to us, from Ibn Abu Layla, from Abu Zubayr, from Jabir," and he related it. Tirmidhi said, "This is a rare hadith. We do not know it from the report of Jabir except through the report of Ibn Abu Layla."I say, it is not as Tirmidhi said. Rather, Ibn Jurayj also narrated it from Abu Zubayr, and with his isnad Daraqutni (4/74) and Hakim (4/345) narrated it from the report of Muhammad bin Amr from him, with the wording, "A Muslim does not inherit from a Christian, unless he is his slave or she is his slave woman." Hakim said, "This Muhammad bin Amr is al-Yafii, from the people of Egypt. He is truthful, and the hadith is sahih, for its basis is the hadith of Amr bin Shuayb."But Muhammad bin Amr al-Yafii was described as truthful yet prone to errors, and he contradicted Abdul-Razzaq, who narrated it from Ibn Jurayj, saying, "Abu Zubayr informed me, from Jabir," and related it as a report attributed only to Jabir himself, not going back to the Prophet. Daraqutni narrated it through this route and said, "This is the preserved version."On this topic there is also a report from Ibn Umar, attributed to the Prophet, "People of two different religions do not inherit from one another." Ibn Hibban narrated it within a lengthy passage (5996), and it includes Sinan bin Harith bin Musrif. Ibn Abu Hatim mentioned him in Jarh wa Tadil (4/254) and said nothing about him. Ibn Hibban mentioned him in Thiqat (6/424).A group of scholars held to these hadiths and said that differences in religion among disbelievers prevent mutual inheritance, so a Jew does not inherit from a Christian, nor does a Christian inherit from a Zoroastrian. This is reported from Umar, and it is the view of Zuhri, Uzai, Ibn Abu Layla, Ahmad, and Ishaq. They argued using the hadith of Amr bin Shuayb, from his father, from his grandfather, and other similar reports, as mentioned before.Abu Hanifa and Shafii said that all disbelievers are one single religion, and that they inherit from one another. According to them, the meaning of the hadith concerns Islam and disbelief, as stated in the hadith of Usama, "A Muslim does not inherit from a disbeliever." As for a Jew inheriting from a Christian, or a Christian from a Jew, that is not a matter that concerns us.