The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Any man who commits fornication with a free woman or a slave woman, the child is a child of fornication. He neither inherits nor is inherited from."
أن رسول الله ﷺ قال: أيما رجل عاهر بحرة أو أمة فالولد ولد زنا، لا يرث ولا يورث.
Tirmidhi (2113) narrated it from Qutayba, who said, Ibn Lahia narrated to us, from Amr bin Shuayb, from his father, from his grandfather, and he related it. Its chain is hasan due to the narration of Qutayba bin Saeed from Ibn Lahia, and it has been corroborated, as Tirmidhi indicated when he said, "Others besides Ibn Lahia have narrated this hadith from Amr bin Shuayb." This is as he said, for Ibn Majah (2745) narrated it from Abu Kurayb, who said, Yahya bin Yaman narrated to us from Muthanna bin Sabbah, from Amr bin Shuayb, from his father, from his grandfather, relating something similar. Muthanna bin Sabbah is the Yamani, the Abnawi, and he is daif, though he is strengthened by the narration before him.Tirmidhi said, "The practice among the scholars is that a child of fornication does not inherit from his father." This is a matter on which there is no disagreement, for a child of fornication does not inherit from his father, nor from his relatives. But the situation differs if the fornicating man marries the woman with whom he fornicated. Imam Abu Hanifa said, "I see no harm, if a man fornicates with a woman and she becomes pregnant by him, in his marrying her while she is pregnant, concealing her condition, and the child being attributed to him." So in this case the child inherits from him and he inherits from the child.Likewise, what is narrated from Ibn Abbas is not sound, that he said, The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no musaaah in Islam. Whoever practiced musaaah in the pre-Islamic era, his lineage is attached to his kin group, but whoever claims a child born out of wedlock, that child neither inherits nor is inherited from." Abu Dawud (2264) narrated it, and Bayhaqi (6/259-260) narrated it through his route, from Yaqub bin Ibrahim, who said, Mutamir narrated to us, from Salm, meaning Ibn Abu Dhayal, who said, some of our companions narrated to me, from Saeed bin Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, and he related it.Ahmad (3416) narrated it from Mutamir with his chain, similarly. In it there are unknown men, namely the narrators from Saeed bin Jubayr. Tabarani narrated it in al-Awsat, Majma al-Bahrayn (2218), and Hakim (4/342), both from the hadith of Amr bin Husayn Aqeeli, who said, Mutamir bin Sulayman narrated to us, who said, Salim bin Abu Dhayal narrated to us, from Saeed bin Jubayr with his chain, similarly. Hakim said, "Sahih according to the criterion of the two sheikhs (Bukhari and Muslim)." Dhahabi criticized this, saying, "Perhaps it is fabricated, for they abandoned Husayn." I say, perhaps he did so deliberately, dropping the unknown intermediary between Salm bin Abu Dhayal and Saeed bin Jubayr.His saying "musaaah" means fornication. Asmai used to restrict musaaah to female slaves rather than free women, because slave women used to work for their masters, earning for them through the levies imposed on them. So the Prophet ﷺ abolished musaaah in Islam, and did not attach lineage through it, but he pardoned whatever had occurred of it in the pre-Islamic era, and attached lineage through that. It is said, "This is a child of rushda," and rushda and rishda are two dialectal forms, from the contributions of Khattabi. The meaning of "child of rushda" is that he is from a valid marriage, and its opposite is "child of zinya," with the zay vowelled either fatha or kasra.