Ayesha said, Barirah came to me and said, "I have made a contract with my masters to buy my freedom for nine ounces of silver, one ounce each year. So help me."I said to her, "If your masters are willing for me to pay the entire amount at once and for your loyalty as a freed slave to belong to me, I will do it."Barirah went to her masters and told them, but they refused. She returned, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was seated, and said, "I presented your offer to them, but they refused unless the right of loyalty goes to them."The Prophet ﷺ heard this, and Ayesha informed the Prophet ﷺ of what had happened. He said, "Take her and let them stipulate the right of loyalty for themselves, for the right of loyalty belongs only to the one who frees the slave."So Ayesha did so. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood among the people, praised Allah and glorified Him, then said, "Now then, what is the matter with Some men who impose conditions that are not in the Book of Allah? Any condition that is not in the Book of Allah is invalid, even if it be a hundred conditions. The judgment of Allah is more deserving, and the condition of Allah is more binding, and the right of loyalty belongs only to the one who frees the slave."
جاءتني بريرة، فقالت: كاتبت أهلي على تسع أواق، في كل عام أوقية، فأعينيني. فقلت: إن أحب أهلك أن أعدها لهم، ويكون ولاؤك لي فعلت. فذهبت بريرة إلى أهلها، فقالت لهم، فأبوا ذلك عليها، فجاءت من عندهم-ورسول الله ﷺ جالس-، فقالت: إني قد عرضت ذلك عليهم، فأبوا إلا أن يكون الولاء لهم. فسمع النبي ﷺ، فأخبرت عائشة النبي ﷺ، فقال: خذيها، واشترطي لهم الولاء، فإنما الولاء لمن أعتق. ففعلت عائشة، ثم قام رسول الله ﷺ في الناس، فحمد الله، وأثنى عليه، ثم قال: أما بعد: ما بال رجال يشترطون شروطا ليست في كتاب الله، ما كان من شرط ليس في كتاب الله فهو باطل وإن كان مائة شرط، قضاء الله أحق، وشرط الله أوثق، وإنما الولاء لمن أعتق.
Malik narrated it in "Manumission and Patronage" (17) from Hisham bin Urwa, from his father, from Ayesha, as mentioned. Bukhari narrated it in "Sales" (2168) through the route of Malik, with the same wording. Muslim narrated it in "Manumission" (1504) through another route from Hisham, with the same wording, and through other routes from Ayesha.Ibn Jawzi used this hadith as evidence in Tahqiq (4/38) that if someone sells a slave on the condition of manumission, both the condition and the sale are valid.As for his saying, "whatever condition is not in the Book of Allah," this means every condition that is not established in the Book of Allah, neither in its foundation nor in its detail. The meaning of this is that among rulings and conditions there are some whose detail is found in the Book of Allah, such as wudu and its being a condition for the validity of prayer. There are others whose foundation is found in it, such as prayer and zakat, both of which are mentioned there only in general terms. And there are others whose very foundation rests on something else, such as the Book's indication of the foundational status of the sunnah, consensus, and analogical reasoning. So whatever is derived in detail from these foundations is, in effect, taken from the Book of Allah at the level of foundation. See Mufhim (4/326).