We broke our fast during the time of the Prophet ﷺ on a cloudy day, then the sun appeared.Hisham was asked, "Were they ordered to make up the fast?"He replied, "Making it up is unavoidable."Muamar said, "I heard Hisham say, 'I do not know whether they made it up or not.'"
أفطرنا على عهد النبي ﷺ يوم غيم، ثم طلعت الشمس. قيل لهشام: فأمروا بالقضاء؟ قال: بد من قضاء. وقال معمر: سمعت هشاما يقول: لا أدري أقضوا أم لا.
Bukhari reported it in the Book of Fasting (1959), from Abdullah bin Abu Shayba, who said, Abu Usama narrated to us, from Hisham bin Urwa, from Fatimah (she is the daughter of Mundhir), from Asma bint Abu Bakr, and he related it.Hisham's statement, "he had to make it up," represents his own personal reasoning, as shown by his saying, "I do not know whether they made it up or not." For this reason, the scholars differed over whether making up the fast is obligatory or not.In the more sahih of the two narrations from Umar bin Khattab, he said regarding a similar case, "Whoever broke his fast should fast a day in its place." Hafiz Bayhaqi cited in his Sunan (4/217) several narrations from Umar indicating that making up the fast is obligatory.As for what was narrated from Zayd bin Wahb, he said, while we were sitting in the masjid of Madinah during Ramadan, and the sky was overcast, we thought the sun had set, and that evening had come, so large bowls of milk were brought out to us from the house of Hafsa. Umar drank, and we drank. We had not waited long before the clouds cleared away and the sun appeared, so some of us began saying to others, "We must make up this day of ours." Umar heard that and said, "By Allah, we will not make it up, for we did not incline toward sin."This narration contradicts the narrations of the trustworthy transmitters. The word "asaas" is the plural of "ass," which is a large drinking bowl.Bayhaqi said, "Yaqub bin Sufyan Farsi used to attribute this narration, which contradicts the earlier narrations, to Ali bin Zayd bin Wahb, and counted it among the things in which he was contradicted. Zayd is trustworthy, but error cannot be ruled out."Khattabi said in his Maalim, "Most of the scholars said, making up the fast is obligatory on him." Ishaq bin Rahawayh and the literalists said, "No making up is required of him, and he should refrain from eating and drinking for the rest of the day until the sun sets."Hafiz said in Fath al-Bari, "It has been reported that Mujahid and Hasan held the view that no making up is required, and this is also what Ishaq and Ahmad said in one narration, and it is what Ibn Khuzayma chose."I say, this is also the view preferred by Sheikh Islam bin Taymiya and his student Hafiz bin Qayyim in Tahzib Sunan (3/237–238).