The Messenger of Allah ﷺ established a bond of brotherhood between two men. One of them was killed, and the other died about a week or so later. We performed the funeral prayer over him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "What did you say?"We replied, "We supplicated for him, saying, 'O Allah, forgive him and join him with his companion.'"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Then what about his prayers after his companion's prayers, and his fasting after his fasting," Shuba was uncertain about the mention of fasting, "and his deeds after his deeds? Between the two of them is a distance like that between the heavens and the earth."
آخي رسول الله ﷺ بين رجلين، فقتل أحدهما، ومات الآخر بعده بجمعة أو نحوها، فصلينا عليه، فقال رسول الله ﷺ: ما قلتم؟ فقلنا: دعونا له، وقلنا: اللهم اغفر له، والحقه بصاحبه، فقال رسول الله ﷺ: فأين صلاته بعد صلاته، وصومه بعد صومه؟ شك شعبة في صومه. وعمله بعد عمله، إن بينهما كما بين السماء والأرض.
Abu Dawud (2524) and Nasai (1985) both narrated it through Shuba, from Amr bin Mura, who said, I heard Amr bin Maymun narrate from Abdullah bin Rabia, from Ubaydullah bin Khalid Sulami, and he mentioned it. The wording given is that of Abu Dawud, and Nasai's wording is similar, except that after mentioning Abdullah bin Rabia he said, "He was one of the companions of the Prophet ﷺ." It is said that Shuba was not followed in making this statement, and Abu Hatim denied that he had companionship of the Prophet, while Ibn Hibban listed him among the reliable Tabiin.The hadith also appears in Musnad Imam Ahmad (16074) through Shuba with his chain, but there he applied this statement, "He was one of the companions of the Prophet ﷺ," to Ubaydullah bin Khalid Sulami himself.This hadith serves as evidence for the merit of a long life when it is accompanied by good deeds, and this is also supported by the hadith of Saad bin Abu Waqqas mentioned earlier in the book of wudu, in the chapter on what has been reported concerning the merit of wudu and prayer following it.As for what has been narrated from Talha bin Ubaydullah in a lengthy hadith, its chain is disconnected, and it has already been documented in the chapter referred to above.