The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed one day and gave the closing salam, but one rakah of the prayer remained. A man caught up with him and said, "You forgot a rakah of the prayer."So he returned, entered the mosque, and ordered Bilal to call the iqamah, then he led the people in one rakah. I told the people about this, and they asked me, "Do you know the man?"I replied, "No, but I would recognize him if I saw him."Then he passed by me, and I said, "That is him."They said, "That is Talha bin Ubaydullah."
أن رسول الله ﷺ صلى يوما فسلم، وبقيت من الصلاة ركعة، فأدركه رجل فقال: نسيت من الصلاة ركعة. فرجع فدخل المسجد، وأمر بلالا فأقام الصلاة، فصلى للناس ركعة. فأخبرت بذلك الناس، فقالوا لي: أتعرف الرجل؟ قلت: لا إلا أن أراه فمر بي، فقلت: هذا هو، فقالوا: هذا طلحة بن عبيد الله.
Abu Dawud (1023) and Nasai (664) both narrated it from Qutayba bin Saeed, who said, "Layth" - meaning Ibn Saad - "narrated to us from Yazid bin Abu Habib, that Suwayd bin Saeed informed him from Muawiya bin Hudayj," and he mentioned something similar. Its chain of transmission is sahih. Muawiya bin Hudayj, with a damma on the ha and a fatha on the dal, was a minor companion who embraced Islam two months before the death of the Prophet ﷺ. He was among those who prayed Maghrib behind the Prophet ﷺ, during which the Prophet ﷺ made an error and gave the salam after two rakats.Hakim narrated it (1/261) via Yahya bin Ayub, from Yazid bin Abu Habib, and mentioned something similar. Hakim said, "Layth bin Saad abridged it, from Ibn Abu Habib." Then he narrated it through his route and said, "Its chain is sahih according to the criteria of the two Shaykhs, and it is of the type in which they both seek a corroborating narration for the companion, given that they have both included something similar to this."Ibn Khuzayma also graded it sahih (1052, 1053), narrating it through two routes, from Layth bin Saad in abridged form and from Yahya bin Ayub in detailed form, as Hakim said. He, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "This incident is different from the incident of Dhul-Yadayn, because the one who informed the Prophet ﷺ that he had erred in this incident was Talha bin Ubaydullah, while the one who informed the Prophet ﷺ in that incident was Dhul-Yadayn. The Prophet's ﷺ error in the incident of Dhul-Yadayn was during Dhuhr or Asr, while in this incident the error was during Maghrib, not Dhuhr or Asr.The incident of Imran bin Husayn, the incident of Khirbaq, is a third incident, because in Imran's report the salam was given after the third rakat, while in the incident of Dhul-Yadayn it was after two rakats. In Imran's report, the Prophet ﷺ entered his chamber and then came out of it, while in Abu Hurairah's report, the Prophet ﷺ got up and went to a piece of wood placed across the masjid. All of this is evidence that these are three separate incidents. The Prophet ﷺ erred once and gave the salam after two rakats, erred another time and gave the salam after three rakats, and erred a third time and gave the salam after two rakats of Maghrib. So he spoke on these three occasions, then completed his prayer." End of quote.The jurisprudence of the hadith. His saying, "He ordered Bilal to give the iqama for prayer" apparently refers to the well-known iqama, and Nasai likewise categorized it this way. Some have interpreted it to mean that its purpose was to inform the people of the prayer, not the well-known iqama.I say, the well-known iqama is also meant to inform people of the prayer, so there is no need to interpret the Prophet's ﷺ statement.