I was sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the mosque when a man came in and prayed two rakahs. He then came over and greeted the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ had been watching him during his prayer, so he returned the greeting and said to him, "Go back and pray, for you have not prayed."So the man went back and prayed, then came and greeted the Prophet ﷺ again. He returned the greeting and said, "Go back and pray, for you have not prayed."This continued until the third or fourth time, when the man said, "By the One who revealed the Book to you, I have exerted myself and tried my best. Show me and teach me."He said, "When you want to pray, perform ablution and do it well. Then face the qiblah and say the takbir. Then recite. Then bow until you are settled in your bowing. Then rise until you are standing upright. Then prostrate until you are settled in your prostration. Then rise until you are settled sitting. Then prostrate until you are settled in your prostration. Then rise. If you complete your prayer in this manner, it is complete, and whatever you fall short of this, you fall short of in your prayer."
كنت مع رسول الله ﷺ جالسا في المسجد فدخل رجل فصلى ركعتين، ثم جاء فسلم على النبي ﷺ وقد كان النبي ﷺ يرمقه في صلاته فرد عليه السلام ثم قال له: ارجع فصل فإنك لم تصل فرجع فصلى ثم جاء فسلم على النبي ﷺ فرد عليه السلام ثم قال: ارجع فصل فإنك لم تصل حتى كان عند الثالثة أو الرابعة فقال: والذي أنزل عليك الكتاب! لقد جهدت وحرصت فأرني وعلمني. قال: إذا أردت أن تصلي فتوضأ فأحسن وضوءك، ثم استقبل القبلة، فكبر، ثم اقرأ، ثم اركع حتى تطمئن راكعا، ثم ارفع حتى تعتدل قائما، ثم اسجد حتى تطمئن ساجدا، ثم ارفع حتى تطمئن قاعدا ثم اسجد حتى تطمئن ساجدا، ثم ارفع، فإذا أتممت صلاتك على هذا فقد تمت، وما انتقصت من هذا فإنما تنتقصه من صلاتك.
Nasai (1314) narrated it through Dawud bin Qays, who said, Ali bin Yahya bin Khallad bin Rafi bin Malik Ansari told me, my father told me, from an uncle of his who was a participant in Badr, who said, "I was with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." Then he related the hadith. Hakim (1/242-243) also narrated it through this same route. This is a sahih isnad.There has been disagreement regarding Ali bin Yahya bin Khallad. Dawud bin Qays narrated from him in this manner, and Bayhaqi ruled the narration of Dawud bin Qays and those who agreed with him to be sahih.I say, among those who agreed with him are1. Muhammad bin Ajlan, and Nasai (1313) and Imam Ahmad (18997) narrated it through his route.2. Muhammad bin Ishaq, who said, Ali bin Yahya bin Khallad told me, from his father, from his uncle Rifa bin Rafi. Abu Dawud (860), Ibn Khuzayma (597), Hakim (1/243), and Bayhaqi (2/133-134) narrated it through his route.3. Ishaq bin Abdullah bin Abu Talha. Abu Dawud (858), Nasai (1136), and Ibn Majah (460) all narrated it through the route of Hammam bin Yahya, who said, Ishaq bin Abdullah bin Abu Talha told us, who said, Ali bin Yahya bin Khallad told me, from his father, from his uncle Rifa bin Rafi. Then he related the hadith.Muhammad bin Amr differed from them, narrating it from Ali bin Yahya bin Khallad without mentioning his father. Ahmad (18995) narrated it through his route, and Bayhaqi (2/373) pointed to Muhammad bin Amr's narration from Ali bin Yahya bin Khallad, from Rifa, without mentioning "from his father" in it. However, Abu Dawud (859) narrated it through the route of Muhammad bin Amr saying, from Ali bin Yahya bin Khallad, from his father, from Rifa.So is this a printing error, or a disagreement regarding Muhammad bin Amr? What appears to be the case is that it is a printing error, as indicated by what Ibn Abu Hatim transmitted in Ilal (1/82) from his father, who said, "Sharik bin Abdullah bin Abu Nimr, Dawud bin Qays, and Ibn Ajlan narrated it from Ali bin Yahya bin Khallad, saying, 'from his father, Rifa.' Hammad bin Salama and Muhammad bin Amr do not say, 'from his father.' The correct version is 'from his father, from his uncle Rifa.'"I say, likewise there has been disagreement regarding Ishaq bin Abdullah bin Abu Talha. Hammam bin Yahya established its isnad, as Hakim said (1/241), "For he is a reliable memorizer, and whoever's account contradicts his, the correct statement is that of Hammam." End of quote. Hammad bin Salama differed from him, narrating it from Ishaq bin Abdullah bin Abu Talha without mentioning his father in its isnad, as Abu Hatim and others stated.In summary, this hadith is sahih and firmly established, with no instability in it as some scholars have said, and it agrees with the hadith of Abu Hurairah. Bayhaqi said, "The correct statement is that of whoever preserved it accurately, and the narration we have mentioned with its wording agrees with the established hadith from Abu Hurairah on this matter, even though some of these narrators add to or omit from its wording. There is no hadith in this chapter more sahih than the hadith of Abu Hurairah." (2/373)I say, Muhammad bin Amr added in his hadith as recorded by Abu Dawud, "When you stand and face the qibla, then recite Umm Quran, and whatever Allah wills for you to recite." They said, this is a tafsir of His statement, the Exalted, "So recite whatever is easy from the Quran" [Muzzammil 73:20].