The Prophet ﷺ asked, "Do you perhaps recite while the imam is reciting?" He repeated this two or three times.They replied, "Messenger of Allah, we do."He said, "Do not do so, except that each of you should recite the Opening of the Book."
قال النبي ﷺ: لعلكم تقرؤن والإمام يقرأ؟ مرتين أو ثلاثا. فقالوا: يا رسول الله إنا لنفعل. قال: فلا تفعلوا إلا أن يقرأ أحدكم بفاتحة الكتاب.
Narrated by Abdul-Razzaq (2766), and from him Imam Ahmad (18070), and Bukhari in Juz Qira (73), and Bayhaqi (2/166), all of them via Khalid Haddan, from Abu Qilaba, from Muhammad bin Abu Ayesha, from a man among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ.I say, its chain is hasan. As for Muhammad bin Abu Ayesha, it is said that his father's name was Abdul-Rahman. Ibn Main deemed him trustworthy, and Abu Hatim said, "There is nothing wrong with him." He has one hadith in Sahih Muslim. Al-Hafiz graded it hasan in his Talkhis. Busiri said in Ithaf (2/342), "This is a jayyid chain," after narrating it via Musaddad, who said, our teacher Yazid bin Zuray narrated to us, our teacher Khalid Haddan narrated to us, with the same wording, adding at the end, "unless one of you recites the Opening of the Book to himself." He attributed the statement "a jayyid chain" to Bayhaqi (2/166), who said, "This is a jayyid chain, though it has been said to be from Abu Qilaba, from Anas, but that is not preserved."This is what has been narrated from Anas bin Malik, that the Prophet ﷺ led his companions in prayer, and when he finished his prayer, he turned to face them and said, "Do you recite during your prayer behind the imam while the imam is reciting?" They fell silent. He repeated it three times, then someone, or several people, said, "We do indeed do that." He said, "Then do not do so, and let each of you recite the Opening of the Book to himself."This was narrated by Abu Yaala (2805), Tabarani in Awsat (2701), Daraqutni (1/340), and Ibn Hibban (1844), all of them from the hadith of Ubaydullah bin Amr al-Raqqi, from Ayub, from Abu Qilaba, from Anas, and so he related it.Ibn Hibban also narrated it in his Sahih (1852) with this chain, and said, "Abu Qilaba heard this report from Muhammad bin Abu Ayesha, from one of the companions of the Prophet ﷺ, and he also heard it from Anas bin Malik, so both paths are preserved." End of quote.However, Abu Hatim said, "Ubaydullah bin Amr erred in it. The correct hadith is what Khalid Haddan narrated, from Abu Qilaba, from Muhammad bin Abu Ayesha, from a man among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ, from the Prophet ﷺ." Ilal (1/175).Likewise, Bukhari said in Tarikh al-Kabir (1/207), after citing it via Ubaydullah bin Amr. And Bayhaqi's statement that it is not preserved has already been mentioned.