Azami 1953

Nasai (896) narrated it from Amr bin Uthman bin Saeed, who said, Shurayh bin Yazid Hadrami told us, who said, Shuayb bin Abu Hamza informed me, who said, Muhammad bin Munkadir informed me, from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said, and he mentioned it. Its chain is sahih.Abu Dawud (672) narrated it from Amr bin Uthman, Shurayh bin Yazid told us, Shuayb bin Abu Hamza told me, who said, Muhammad bin Munkadir and Ibn Abu Farwa and others among the jurists of the people of Madinah said to me, "When you say that, say, 'And I am one of the Muslims,'" meaning his saying "And I am the first of the Muslims."This is the view held by Muhammad bin Munkadir and Ibn Abu Farwa, changing his saying "And I am the first of the Muslims" to "And I am one of the Muslims." This is what Nasai mentioned without this detail about the change. But it is preferable not to make the change, as it came from the Prophet ﷺ, "And I am the first of the Muslims." The other hadiths point to this.Its meaning is hastening to comply with what one has been commanded, and its counterpart in the revelation is "Say, 'If the Most Merciful had a son, then I would be the first of the worshippers.'" [Zukhruf 43:81]As for his saying "And I am one of the Muslims," it adds no further benefit, since he is indeed one of the Muslims, unlike "I am the first of the Muslims."Umar bin Khattab used to recite these words aloud, saying, "Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You, blessed is Your name, and exalted is Your majesty, and there is no god besides You." This has been reported from Umar both with an interrupted chain and with a connected one.As for the interrupted chain, Muslim narrated it in the book of Prayer (399:52), from Muhammad bin Mihran Razi, Walid bin Muslim told us, Uzai told us, from Abda, that Umar bin Khattab used to recite these words aloud, and he mentioned it.This is interrupted, because Abda, who is Ibn Abu Lubaba Asadi, their freedman, and it is said, a freedman of Quraysh, did not hear from Umar bin Khattab. Nawawi transmitted in his commentary on Muslim, from Abu Ali Ghassani, who said, "It came like this, from Abda, that Umar, and the Companion's link is omitted."Nawawi said, meaning that Abda did not hear from Umar.Munziri said, "Abda is not known to have heard from Umar, rather he heard from his son Abdullah, and it is said that he merely caught a glimpse of Umar." End quote.The author of Tanqih said, "Muslim only included it in his Sahih because he heard it along with something else."As for the connected chain, Ibn Abu Shayba narrated it in his Musannaf (2402) through several routes. Among them, from Hushaym, who said, Husayn informed us, from Abu Waail, from Aswad bin Yazid, who said, "I saw Umar bin Khattab open the prayer, so he said the takbir, then said, 'Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You, blessed is Your name, and exalted is Your majesty, and there is no god besides You.'"Among them also, what he narrated from Abu Muawiya, from Amash, from Ibrahim, from Aswad, who said, "When Umar opened the prayer, he raised his voice so that we could hear him say," and he mentioned the same.Hakim also narrated it through this route (1/235) and said, "This hadith has been given a full chain back to Umar, but it is not valid."Dhahabi said, "Whoever raised it up as a report from the Prophet through him erred."Daraqutni, when asked about this hadith, said, "Ismail bin Ayyash narrates it, from Abdul-Malik ibn Humayd bin Abu Ghaniyya, from Abu Ishaq Sabi, from Aswad, from Umar, from the Prophet ﷺ. But Ibrahim Nakhai differed with him, narrating it from Aswad, from Umar as his own statement, not raised to the Prophet, and that is the sahih view." See Ilal (question no. 165).The scholars have agreed that the sahih view is that it is the statement of Umar bin Khattab , and that is sufficient as evidence, since no counter-evidence has been found for it. Rather, the hadiths on this topic that will follow support it, even though none of them is free of some criticism.Bayhaqi said, "The most sahih of what has been narrated on this is the report attributed to Umar bin Khattab as his own statement."Ibn Khuzayma, may Allah have mercy on him, said (1/240), "This is sahih from Umar bin Khattab, that he used to open the prayer this way, like the hadith of Haritha (coming shortly), not from the Prophet ﷺ. I do not dislike opening with his saying, 'Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You,' based on what is established from Faruq , that he used to open the prayer with it. However, opening with what is established from the Prophet ﷺ in the report of Ali bin Abu Talib, Abu Hurairah, and others, transmitted by a reliable narrator from a reliable narrator, connected up to him ﷺ, is more beloved to me and more fitting to use, since following the sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ is better and preferable to anything else." End quote.Tirmidhi said, "The most well-known hadith on this topic is the hadith of Abu Saeed Khudri."I say, the hadith of Abu Saeed Khudri is what Abu Dawud (775), Tirmidhi (242), Nasai (899, 900), and Ibn Majah (804) all narrated through routes from Jafar bin Sulayman Dubai, from Ali bin Ali Rifai, from Abu Mutawakkil, from Abu Saeed, who said, "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ got up at night, he said the takbir, then said, 'Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You, blessed is Your name, exalted is Your majesty, and there is no god besides You,' then he said, 'There is no god but Allah,' three times, then said, 'Allah is greatest, most great,' three times, 'I seek refuge in Allah, the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, from the accursed Satan, from his madness, his arrogance, and his poetry,'" then he would recite. The wording is that of Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi.Tirmidhi said, "The chain of the hadith of Abu Saeed has been criticized. Yahya bin Saeed used to criticize Ali bin Ali Rifai. Ahmad said, 'This hadith is not sahih.'"Abu Dawud said, "They say this hadith is from Ali bin Ali, from Hasan, with the Companion's link omitted, and the mistake is from Jafar."Ibn Khuzayma also narrated it (467) through the route of Jafar bin Sulayman Dubai, and in it, "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ got up at night for prayer, he said the takbir three times, then said," and he mentioned the same.He said, "This report is heard concerning supplication, not concerning ancient or recent practice. This report should be used as it is, and it has not been related to us, from scholars we have not witnessed, that anyone used to say the takbir three times to open the prayer."Nawawi said in Sharh Majmu (3/320), "Tirmidhi and others declared it daif, and it is daif." He said, "A group of the companions narrated the opening supplication, 'Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You,' and all its hadiths are daif." End quote.I say, among these daif hadiths is the hadith of Ayesha, who said, "When the Prophet ﷺ opened the prayer, he said, 'Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You, blessed is Your name, exalted is Your majesty, and there is no god besides You.'" Tirmidhi (243) and Ibn Majah (806) both narrated it through the route of Abu Muawiya, from Haritha bin Abu Rijal, from Amra, from Ayesha, and she mentioned the hadith. Haritha bin Abu Rijal is daif.Bayhaqi said (2/34), "We have only recorded this from the hadith of Haritha, and he is daif."Tirmidhi said, "We do not know this hadith except through this route."I say, if he meant by it that it is not narrated with a full chain except through this route, then that is correct. Otherwise, Abu Dawud (776) and Hakim (1/235) narrated it through the route of Abdul-Salam bin Harb Mulai, from Budayl bin Maysara, from Abu Jawza, from Ayesha, and she mentioned the same. This is interrupted, since Abu Jawza did not meet Ayesha, though Hakim graded this chain sahih.Abu Dawud found another defect in it, saying, "This hadith is not well-known from Abdul-Salam bin Harb. Only Talq bin Ghunam narrated it from him, and a group narrated the account of the prayer from Budayl without mentioning any of this." End quote.The author of Imam rejected this, and this is what he said in summary, "Talq was narrated from by Bukhari in his Sahih, and Abdul-Salam was deemed reliable by Abu Hatim, and the two Shaykhs narrated from him in their two Sahihs, likewise everyone above him up to Ayesha. The fact that it is not well-known from Abdul-Salam does not detract from it if its narrator is reliable, and the fact that the group did not mention any of this from Budayl is a matter well known to the scholars of jurisprudence and legal theory, and it is possible to say that these are two separate hadiths, given how far apart their wordings are." See Jawhar Naqi (2/34–35). But the interruption in it remains, and Hafiz pointed to this in Talkhis, saying, "The men of its chain are reliable, but it contains an interruption."Bayhaqi transmitted Abu Dawud's statement and approved it, then said afterward, another hadith has been narrated regarding the opening supplication, "Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You," from Layth, from Abu Ubayda bin Abdullah bin Masud, from his father, raised to the Prophet, but it is not strong. It has also been narrated raised to the Prophet from Humayd, from Anas, and narrated through another route from Ayesha. The most sahih of what has been narrated on this is the report attributed to Umar bin Khattab as his own statement. Then he narrated it from his teacher Hakim Abu Abdullah. End quote.The hadith of Jubayr bin Mutim states that the Prophet ﷺ, when he opened the prayer, would say, "Allah is greatest, most great, and praise be to Allah abundantly, and glory be to Allah morning and evening," three times, "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the accursed Satan, from his madness, his poetry, and his arrogance." Abu Dawud (764), Ibn Majah (807), Ahmad (16784), and Bayhaqi (2/35) all narrated it through routes from Shuba, from Amr bin Mura, from Aasim Anazi, from the son of Jubayr bin Mutim, from his father, that he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ praying a prayer.Amr said, "I do not know which prayer it was." So he said, "Allah is greatest, most great, Allah is greatest, most great, Allah is greatest, most great, and praise be to Allah abundantly, and praise be to Allah abundantly, and praise be to Allah abundantly, and glory be to Allah morning and evening," three times, "I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, from his arrogance, his poetry, and his madness."He said, "his poetry" means poetry, "his arrogance" means pride, and "his madness" means the fits, which is an ailment resembling epilepsy.Aasim is Ibn Umayr Anazi. Amr bin Mura alone narrated from him, and no one deemed him reliable. Ibn Hibban only mentioned him among the reliable narrators, as is his habit of mentioning the unknown ones. There is also disagreement about his name, which shows that he was not known among the scholars of hadith. So he was called Aasim Anazi, as here, and he was called Abbad bin Aasim, and he was called Ammar bin Aasim, and he was called Umara bin Aasim.On this topic also is the hadith of Anas, narrated by Muhammad bin Salt, from Abu Khalid Ahmar, from Humayd, from Anas, from the Prophet ﷺ, regarding opening the prayer, "Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You."Ibn Abu Hatim said, "I heard my father say, 'This is a fabricated hadith, it has no basis. Muhammad bin Salt is not problematic, and I have written down hadiths from him.'" Ilal (374).Whoever looks at the sum of these hadiths would say that some of them strengthen others, and it becomes hasan li-ghayrihi. It is also supported by the report of Umar bin Khattab.It has also been narrated with a sahih chain from Ibn Masud, except that it does not mention "opening the prayer," and it is his saying ﷺ, "The speech most beloved to Allah is for the servant to say, 'Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You, blessed is Your name, exalted is Your majesty, and there is no god besides You,' and the speech most hateful to Allah is for a man to say to another man, 'Fear Allah,' and he replies, 'Mind your own affairs.'"Nasai narrated it in Amal al-Yawm wal-Layla (849), from Muhammad bin Yahya bin Muhammad, who said, Muhammad bin Saeed bin Isfahani told us, who said, Abu Muawiya told us, from Amash, from Ibrahim Taymi, from Harith bin Suwayd, from Abdullah bin Masud, raised to the Prophet. Its chain is sahih. Muhammad bin Saeed bin Sulayman Abu Jafar bin Isfahani, although he is "reliable and firm" as stated in Taqrib, Ibn Abu Shayba differed with him, narrating it in his Musannaf (1/232), from Ibn Fudayl and Abu Muawiya, as his own statement without raising it to the Prophet.Nasai also narrated it in Amal al-Yawm wal-Layla (850), from Muhammad bin Ala, from Abu Muawiya, as his own statement without raising it. It has also been narrated as his own statement through another route from Amash.The conclusion is that the opening supplication with the words "Glory be to You, O Allah..." has not been established except from Umar , and it seems apparent that he took it from the Prophet ﷺ, since Umar bin Khattab, like the other companions, was among the people furthest from innovation in religion. The abundance of hadiths reported on this topic indicates that it has a basis, and they strengthen the report of Umar bin Khattab.Hafiz Ibn Rajab said in his commentary on Bukhari, Fath al-Bari (4/346), "This is sahih from Umar bin Khattab, narrated from him through many routes."He said, "Imam Ahmad said, 'We hold the view of the hadith of Umar on this, and there have been other routes reported that are not as strong,'" and he mentioned the hadith of Ayesha and Abu Hurairah. So he stated clearly that the hadiths raised to the Prophet are not strong, and that reliance is placed on what is attributed to the companions as their own statement, due to the soundness of what is reported from Umar. End quote.