Azami 1872

Malik reported it in the Book of Prayer (14) from Abdullah bin Dinar, from Ibn Umar, mentioning the hadith. He also reported it (15) from Ibn Shihab, from Salim bin Abdullah, as a mursal narration. Ibn Abdul-Barr said, There is no disagreement regarding Malik's first isnad that it is connected. As for this one, Yahya and most of the narrators reported it as mursal, while Qanabi connected it, saying, "from his father." End of quote.I say, Bukhari reported it via the route of Abdullah bin Maslama Qanabi in the Book of Adhan (617), and he also reported it (620) from Abdullah bin Yusuf, from Malik, from Abdullah bin Dinar, in the same manner. As for Muslim, he reported it in the Book of Fasting (1092) through several routes from Ibn Shihab and others, but he did not report it via the route of Malik.Bukhari also reported this hadith in the Book of Adhan (623) from Ishaq, and in the Book of Fasting (1918) from Ubayd bin Ismail, both of them from Abu Usama, from Ubaydullah, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, mentioning the same. With this same isnad he also reported it from the collection of narrations of Ayesha, which will come later. Ishaq here is Ibn Rahawayh, according to the preferred view held by Hafiz Ibn Hajar.A note of caution, the hadith of Ibn Umar was reported by Imam Ahmad (5424) from Affan, who said, Shuba narrated to us, saying, Abdullah bin Dinar informed me, saying, I heard Ibn Umar say, The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Bilal calls the adhan at night, or, Ibn Umm Maktum calls the adhan at night, so eat and drink until Ibn Umm Maktum calls it." This is how Affan reported it from Shuba, with uncertainty between the two names. Abu Dawud Tayalisi reported it from him with certainty for the first name, while Abu Walid reported it with certainty for the second name.Shuba also has another isnad for this, for he reported it from Khubayb bin Abdul-Rahman, from his paternal aunt Unaysa, again with the same uncertainty. His hadith will come later. This is why Bukhari and Muslim both avoided Shuba's narration.This is the sahih version of Ibn Umar's hadith. As for what Hammad bin Salama reported from Ayub, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, that Bilal called the adhan at night, so the Prophet ﷺ ordered him to announce, "The servant has slept," this is daif and not established. See "Al-Miah al-Kubra" (2/385). It was reported by Abu Dawud (364), Tahawi (1391), and Daraqutni (1/244).Abu Dawud said, No one reported this hadith from Ayub except Hammad bin Salama. Tirmidhi (1/394) said, "This is a hadith that is not preserved. The sahih version is what Ubaydullah bin Umar and others reported from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, that the Prophet ﷺ said," mentioning the hadith as previously stated. He said, Abdul-Aziz bin Abu Rawwad reported from Nafi that a muezzin of Umar's called the adhan at night, so Umar ordered him to repeat the adhan, but this too is not sound, because it is from Nafi, from Umar, which is a broken chain (munqati). Perhaps Hammad bin Salama intended this hadith instead.He also said, "The sahih version is the narration of Ubaydullah and several others from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, and of Zuhri, from Salim, from Ibn Umar, that the Prophet ﷺ said, 'Bilal calls the adhan at night.'" He said, "Had Hammad's hadith been sahih, this other hadith would be meaningless, since the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Bilal calls the adhan at night,' meaning he was instructing them regarding what would happen in the future, saying, 'Bilal calls the adhan at night.' Had he in fact ordered him to repeat the adhan after calling it before the break of Fajr, he would not have said, 'Bilal calls the adhan at night.'"Ali bin Madini said, The hadith of Hammad bin Salama, from Ayub, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, from the Prophet ﷺ, is not preserved, and Hammad bin Salama erred in it. End of quote.Bayhaqi reported in "Al-Kubra" (1/383) from his teacher Abu Abdullah Hakim, who said, Abu Bakr bin Ishaq the jurist narrated to us, saying, I heard Abu Bakr Mutarriz say, I heard Muhammad bin Yahya say, The hadith of Hammad bin Salama, from Ayub, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, that Bilal called the adhan before the break of Fajr, is anomalous (shadh) and does not sit well with the heart, and it contradicts what people have reported from Ibn Umar.Imam Ahmad said, Shuayb bin Harb narrated to us, saying, I said to Malik bin Anas, The call for the Fajr prayer is made before Fajr. He said, The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Bilal calls the adhan at night, so eat and drink." I said, Did the Prophet ﷺ not order him to repeat the adhan? He said, No, the adhan has always been at night among us.Ibn Bukayr said, Malik said, The call for the Fajr prayer has always been made before Fajr, but as for the other prayers, we have not seen the call made for them except after their time has begun. Nasb Raya (1/285).Tirmidhi said, "The people of knowledge have differed regarding calling the adhan at night. Some scholars of knowledge said, If the muezzin calls the adhan at night, it suffices him and he need not repeat it, and this is the view of Malik, Ibn Mubarak, Shafii, Ahmad, and Ishaq. Other scholars of knowledge said, If he calls the adhan at night, he must repeat it, and this is the view held by Sufyan Thawri." End of quote.Among those who held that calling the adhan before Fajr is not permissible was Abu Hanifa, may Allah have mercy on him, and the best evidence cited for his view is the hadith of Hammad bin Salama, but you now know that it is not sound. Among his evidences is also what Abu Dawud reported (534), saying, Zuhayr bin Harb narrated to us, saying, Waki narrated to us, saying, Jafar bin Burqan narrated to us, from Shaddad the freed servant of Iyad bin Amir, from Bilal, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, "Do not call the adhan until the dawn becomes clear to you, like this," stretching out his hands sideways.Abu Dawud said, Shaddad the freed servant of Iyad did not meet Bilal.