The Prophet ﷺ used to pray Zuhr when the sun had passed its zenith.
كان النبي ﷺ يصلي الظهر إذا دحضت الشمس.
Muslim narrated it in "the Mosques" (618) via Yahya bin Saeed and Ibn Mahdi, from Shubah, who said, Simak bin Harb narrated to us, from Jabir, and he related it. Abu Dawud also narrated it (806) from Ubaydullah bin Muaz, my father narrated to us, Shubah narrated to us with his chain of transmission, and in it, "When the sun had passed its zenith he would pray Dhuhr and recite something like "By the night when it covers" [Layl 92:1], and likewise for Asr, and likewise for the other prayers, except for the dawn prayer, which he used to lengthen." End of citation.His saying "the sun had passed its zenith" (dahadat), with fatha on the dal and ha, means when it had shifted from its zenith.