A man became sexually impure during winter. He asked about what to do, and was told to perform the ritual bath. He bathed and died. This was mentioned to the Prophet ﷺ, who said three times, "What is wrong with them? They killed him. May Allah destroy them. Allah has made clean earth," or he said "tayammum," "a means of purification."
أن رجلا أجنب في شتاء، فسأل، فأمر بالغسل، فاغتسل فمات، فذكر ذلك للنبي ﷺ فقال: ما لهم قتلوه قتلهم الله- ثلاثا- قد جعل الله الصعيد- أو التيمم- طهورا.
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Ibn Khuzayma (273), Ibn Hibban (1314), Ibn Jarud (128), and Hakim (165) all narrated it via Umar bin Hafs bin Ghiyath, who said, my father narrated to us, he said, Walid bin Ubaydullah bin Abu Rabah informed me of it, that Ata narrated to him from Ibn Abbas, who said, and he mentioned it.Its chain is hasan because of Walid bin Ubaydullah bin Abu Rabah, whom Daraqutni graded daif, but Ibn Main deemed him trustworthy, and those who graded this hadith of his sahih strengthened his standing, as noted in Talkhis (1/395).The hadith has another chain, which is what Hakim narrated (1/178) via Bishr bin Bakr, who said, Uzai narrated to me, he said, Ata bin Abu Rabah narrated to us that he heard Abdullah bin Abbas say, and he mentioned it.The other companions of Uzai narrated it from him without mentioning that Uzai heard it directly from Ata. These are Hiqal bin Ziyad, as found in Hakim (1/178), Abdul-Hameed bin Habib bin Abu Ashreen, as found in Ibn Majah (572), Muhammad bin Shuayb, as found in Abu Dawud (337), and Abu Mughira, as found in Ahmad (3056).Muhammad bin Shuayb and Abu Mughira mentioned that Uzai said it reached him from Ata bin Abu Rabah. The correct view here is that there is a disconnection between Uzai and Ata bin Abu Rabah, as the group narrated it, so Hakim criticized it, saying, "Hiqal bin Ziyad, who is among the most reliable companions of Uzai, narrated it without mentioning that Uzai heard it from Ata."Ibn Khuzayma (272) narrated it via Ata bin Saaib, from Saeed bin Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, raising it to the Prophet, regarding His saying, "And if you are ill or..." [Maidah 5:6], he said, "When a man has a wound in the path of Allah, or has sores or smallpox, and he experiences janaba, and fears that if he performs ghusl he will die, he should perform tayammum."Ibn Khuzayma said, "No one raised this report to the Prophet except Ata bin Saaib." The group narrated it as a stopped report, and that is correct, as Daraqutni said.Abu Dawud (336) narrated it from Musa bin Abdul-Rahman Antaki, who said, Muhammad bin Salama narrated to us, from Zubayr bin Khurayq, from Ata, from Jabir, who said, "We went out on a journey, and a rock struck one of our men, wounding his head. Then he had a wet dream, so he asked his companions, saying, 'Do you find for me any dispensation to perform tayammum?' They said, 'We find no dispensation for you, since you are able to use water.' So he performed ghusl and died. When we came to the Prophet ﷺ, he was informed of this, and he said, "They killed him, may Allah kill them. Why did they not ask when they did not know? Indeed the cure for ignorance is asking. It would have been enough for him to perform tayammum and press," or "bind a cloth over his wound, then wipe over it, and wash the rest of his body.""Daraqutni (729) narrated it from Abdullah bin Sulayman bin Ashath, with this wording, in his book Nasikh wal-Mansukh, he said, Musa bin Abdul-Rahman Halabi narrated to us, he said, Muhammad bin Salama narrated to us, from Zubayr bin Khurayq, from Ata, from Jabir, who said, and he mentioned the story.Then Daraqutni said, "Abu Bakr, meaning his teacher Abdullah bin Sulayman, said, 'This is a sunnah that the people of Makkah alone transmitted, and the people of Jazira carried it onward. No one narrated it from Ata, from Jabir, except Zubayr bin Khurayq, who is not strong, and Uzai contradicted him, narrating it instead from Ata, from Ibn Abbas, and that is correct.'"This hadith provides evidence for the permissibility of tayammum for a wounded person who fears death or harm to himself if he performs ghusl from janaba, and this is the view held by Malik, Sufyan, and others.Baghawi said in Sharh al-Sunnah (2/120), "If a wounded person is able to wash some of the body parts required for purification, he must wash the healthy parts and perform tayammum because of the wound, whether most of his body is healthy or wounded."He also reported from the people of legal reasoning that one should not combine ghusl and tayammum, but rather, if most of his body is healthy, he washes the healthy parts and no tayammum is required of him, and if most of it is wounded, he limits himself to tayammum.