The first surah revealed containing a prostration was "By the star" [Najm 53:1]. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prostrated, and those behind him prostrated as well, except for one man whom I saw take a handful of dust and prostrate upon it. I later saw him killed as a disbeliever, and he was Umaya bin Khalaf.
أول سورة أنزلت فيها سجدة {والنجم}، قال: فسجد رسول الله ﷺ، وسجد من خلفه، إلا رجلا رأيته أخذ كفا من تراب فسجد عليه، فرأيته بعد ذلك قتل كافرا، وهو أمية بن خلف.
Bukhari reported it in the tafsir (4863), and Muslim reported it in the mosques and places of prayer (576:105), both of them through the route of Abu Ishaq (he is Subayi), who said, I heard Aswad bin Yazid, from Abdullah, who said, then he mentioned it.