When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions arrived in Madinah and the Ansar took them in, the Arabs shot at them as though from a single bow. They could not pass a night except under arms, nor greet a morning except in them. They said, "Do you think we will live long enough to spend a night secure and at ease, fearing none but Allah?"Then this was revealed, "Allah has promised those among you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will surely grant them succession on the earth, as He granted it to those before them, and that He will surely establish for them their religion which He has approved for them, and that He will surely exchange their fear for security" up to "and whoever disbelieves after that", meaning after this favor, "it is they who are the defiantly disobedient" [Nur 24:55].
لما قدم رسول الله ﷺ وأصحابه المدينة وآوتهم الأنصار رمتهم العرب عن قوس واحد، فكانوا لايبيتون إلا بالسلاح، ولا يصبحون إلا فيه، فقالوا: ترون أنا نعيش حتى نبيت آمنين مطمئنين لا نخاف إلا الله، فنزلت: {وعد الله الذين ءامنوا منكم وعملوا الصالحات ليستخلفنهم في الأرض كما استخلف الذين من قبلهم وليمكنن لهم دينهم الذى ارتضى لهم وليبدلنهم من بعد خوفهم أمنا} إلى {ومن كفر بعد ذلك} يعني بالنعمة {فأولئك هم الفسقون}.
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Tabarani narrated it in Al-Awsat (7025), as did Hakim (2/401), Wahidi in Asbab Nuzul (p. 341-342), and Maqdisi in Al-Mukhtarah (1145-1146), all of them by way of Ali bin Husayn bin Waqid, from his father, from Rabi bin Anas, from Abu Aliyah, from Ubayy bin Kaab, who said, then he mentioned it.Its chain is hasan because of Ali bin Husayn, his father, and Rabi bin Anas, for all of them are hasan al-hadith. Hakim said, "This is a hadith sahih in its chain."