Abdullah bin Abbas reported,

The son of Abdullah bin Ubayy, also named Abdullah, reported that his father said to him before dying, "My son, ask the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for one of his garments to use as my shroud, and request that he pray over me."So Abdullah came to the Prophet and said, "Messenger of Allah, you know the standing of Abdullah, and he has instructed me to ask you for a garment to shroud him in, and for you to pray over him."The Prophet gave him one of his garments and intended to pray over him.Umar said, "Messenger of Allah, you know Abdullah and his hypocrisy. Will you pray over him when Allah has forbidden you to pray over him?"The Prophet asked, "Where has He forbidden that?"Umar replied, "Whether you ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them, even if you should ask forgiveness for them seventy times, never will Allah forgive them" [Tawba 9:80].The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I will ask more than seventy times for him."Then Allah revealed, "And do not pray over any of them who has died, ever, nor stand at his grave" [Tawba 9:84]. And Allah revealed, "It is all the same for them whether you ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them. Never will Allah forgive them. Indeed, Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people" [Munafiqun 63:6].The narrator continued, A man entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and sat for a long time. The Prophet ﷺ got up three times hoping the man would follow him out, but he did not. Then Umar came in and saw the man. He recognized the displeasure on the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from where he was sitting, so Umar said, "Perhaps you have annoyed the Prophet ﷺ."The man caught on and got up to leave.The Prophet ﷺ said, "I rose three times so that you would follow me out, but you did not."Umar said, "Messenger of Allah, what if you appointed a doorkeeper? Your wives are not like other women, and that would be purer for their hearts."So Allah revealed, "O you who have believed, do not enter the houses of the Prophet except when you are permitted for a meal, without awaiting its readiness. But when you are invited, then enter, and when you have eaten, disperse without seeking to remain for conversation. Indeed, that was troubling the Prophet, and he is shy of you. But Allah is not shy of the truth. And when you ask his wives for something, ask them from behind a partition. That is purer for your hearts and their hearts. And it is not for you to harm the Messenger of Allah or to marry his wives after him, ever. Indeed, that would be in the sight of Allah an enormity" [Ahzab 33:53].The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then sent for Umar and informed him of this revelation.The narrator continued, The Messenger of Allah ﷺ consulted Abu Bakr and Umar concerning the captives.Abu Bakr said, "Messenger of Allah, show mercy to your people and take ransom from them, using it as support."Umar bin Khattab said, "Kill them."The Prophet said, "If the two of you agreed on a single view, I would not go against you."The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took Abu Bakr's advice. Then Allah revealed, "It is not for a prophet to have captives until he inflicts a massacre upon Allah's enemies in the land. Some of you desire the commodities of this world, but Allah desires the Hereafter. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise" [Anfal 8:67].The narrator continued, Then the verses were revealed, "And certainly did We create man from an extract of clay" [Muminun 23:12], to the end of the verses. When they were recited, Umar said, "Blessed is Allah, the best of creators." Then it was revealed, "So blessed is Allah, the best of creators" [Muminun 23:14].

عن ابن عباس

أن عبد الله بن أبي قال له أبوه: أي بني اطلب لي من رسول الله ﷺ ثوبا من ثيابه تكفنني فيه، ومره يصلي علي، فقال عبد الله: يا رسول الله! قد عرفت شرف عبد الله، وأنه أمرني أن أطلب إليك ثوبا نكفنه به، وأن تصلي عليه، فأعطاه ثوبا من ثيابه، وأراد أن يصلي عليه، فقال عمر: يا رسول الله! قد عرفت عبد الله ونفاقه أتصلي عليه وقد نهاك الله أن تصلي عليه؟ قال: وأين؟ قال: {استغفر لهم أو لا تستغفر لهم إن تستغفر لهم سبعين مرة فلن يغفر الله لهم} قال رسول الله ﷺ: فإني سأزيده فأنزل الله عز وجل {ولا تصل على أحد منهم مات أبدا ولا تقم على قبره} [سورة التوبة: ٨٤] وأنزل الله {سواء عليهم أستغفرت لهم أم لم تستغفر لهم لن يغفر الله لهم إن الله لا يهدي القوم الفاسقين} [سورة المنافقون: ٦]. قال: ودخل رجل على رسول الله ﷺ وفا أطال الجلوس، فخرج النبي ﷺ ثلاثا، لكي يتبعه، فلم يفعل، فدخل عمر، فرأى الرجل، فعرف الكراهية في وجه رسول الله ﷺ بمقعده، فقال: لعلك آذيت النبي ﷺ، ففطن الرجل، فقام، فقال النبي ﷺ: لقد قمت ثلاثا لتتبعني فلم تفعل فقال: يا رسول الله! لو اتخذت حاجبا، فإن نساءك لسن كسائر النساء، وهو أطهر لقلوبهن، فأنزل الله عز وجل {يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تدخلوا بيوت النبي إلا أن يؤذن لكم إلى طعام غير ناظرين إناه ولكن إذا دعيتم فادخلوا فإذا طعمتم فانتشروا ولا مستأنسين لحديث إن ذلكم كان يؤذي النبي فيستحيي منكم والله لا يستحيي من الحق وإذا سألتموهن متاعا فاسألوهن من وراء حجاب ذلكم أطهر لقلوبكم وقلوبهن وما كان لكم أن تؤذوا رسول الله ولا أن تنكحوا أزواجه من بعده أبدا إن ذلكم كان عند الله عظيما} [الأحزاب: ٥٣] فأرسل رسول الله ﷺ إلى عمر، فأخبره بذلك. قال: واستشار رسول الله ﷺ أبا بكر وعمر في الأسارى، فقال أبو بكر: يا رسول الله! استحيي قومك، وخذ منهم الفداء، فاستعن به. وقال عمر بن الخطاب: اقتلهم. فقال: لو اجتمعتما ما عصيناكما فأخذ رسول الله ﷺ بقول أبي بكر، فأنزل الله عز وجل: {ما كان لنبي أن يكون له أسرى حتى يثخن في الأرض تريدون عرض الدنيا والله يريد الآخرة والله عزيز حكيم} [الأنفال: ٦٧]. قال: ثم نزلت: {ولقد خلقنا الإنسان من سلالة من طين} إلى آخر الآيات فقال عمر: تبارك الله أحسن الخالقين، فأنزلت {فتبارك الله أحسن الخالقين} [سورة المؤمنون: ١٤].