The spoils of war belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and no one else had any share in them. Whatever the raiding parties of the Muslims captured, they brought to him, and if anyone withheld so much as a needle or a thread from it, that was theft from the spoils.The Muslims then asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to give them a portion of it, and Allah revealed, "They ask you about the spoils of war" [Anfal 8:1]. Say, the spoils are Mine. I have assigned them to My Messenger, and you have no share in them. "So fear Allah and set matters right among yourselves, and obey Allah and His Messenger, if you are believers" [Anfal 8:1].Then Allah revealed, "And know that whatever you take as spoils, a fifth of it belongs to Allah, and to the Messenger, and to his near relatives, the orphans, the needy, and the wayfarer, if you believe in Allah and in what We sent down upon Our servant on the day of distinction, the day the two armies met. And Allah has power over all things" [Anfal 8:41].He then divided that fifth between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and those named in the verse.
في قوله تعالى: {يسألونك عن الانفال قل الانفال لله والرسول}
الأنفال المغانم كانت لرسول الله ﷺ خالصة، ليس لأحد منها شيء، ما أصاب سرايا المسلمين من شيء أتوه به، فمن حبس منه إبرة أو سلكا فهو غلول. فسألوا رسول الله ﷺ أن يعطيهم منها، قال الله: {يسألونك عن الانفال} قل الأنفال لي جعلتها لرسولي، ليس لكم فيها شيء. {فاتقوا الله وأصلحوا ذات بينكم وأطيعوا الله ورسوله إن كنتم مؤمنين}، ثم أنزل الله{واعلموا انما غنمتم من شيء فان لله خمسه وللرسول ولذي القربى واليتمي والمسكين وابن السبيل ان كنتم امنتم بالله وما انزلنا على عبدنا يوم الفرقان يوم التقي الجمعن والله على كل شيء قدير} [سورة الأنفال: ٤١]. ثم قسم ذلك الخمس لرسول الله ﷺ، ولمن سمى في الآية.
No references are available.
Tabari narrated it in his Tafsir (19/11-20), Ibn Abu Hatim in his Tafsir (8766), and Bayhaqi (6/293), all of them through the route of Abdullah bin Salih, who said, Muawiya bin Salih narrated to us, from Ali bin Abu Talha, from Ibn Abbas, and he related it.Its chain of transmission is hasan because of Abdullah bin Salih, for his hadith is hasan, when it has a basis.