Usama bin Zayd reported,

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ once rode out on a donkey with a saddle blanket from Fadak, seating Usama bin Zayd behind him, to visit Saad bin Ubada among the clan of Harith bin Khazraj. This was before the battle of Badr.On the way he passed a gathering where Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul was sitting, this being before Abdullah bin Ubayy accepted Islam. The gathering was a mixture of Muslims and polytheists who worshipped idols, along with Jews, and Abdullah bin Rawaha was there too. When the dust stirred up by the animal drifted over the gathering, Abdullah bin Ubayy covered his nose with his cloak and said, "Do not shower us with dust."The Messenger of Allah ﷺ greeted them, then stopped and dismounted. He called them to Allah and recited the Quran to them.Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul said, "Man, there is nothing better than what you say if it is the truth, but do not trouble us with it in our gathering. Go back to your mount and tell it to whoever comes to you."Abdullah bin Rawaha said, "On the contrary, Messenger of Allah, bring it to us in our gatherings, for we love that."Then the Muslims, the polytheists, and the Jews began trading insults until they were on the verge of coming to blows, and the Prophet ﷺ kept calming them down until they quieted.Then the Prophet ﷺ mounted his animal and rode on until he came in to Saad bin Ubada, and he said to him, "Saad, did you not hear what Abu Hubab said?" meaning Abdullah bin Ubayy. "He said such and such."Saad bin Ubada replied, "Messenger of Allah, pardon him and overlook it. By the One who sent down the Book to you, Allah has brought the truth that was revealed to you, yet the people of this town had already agreed to crown him and bind the turban of leadership on him. When Allah denied him that by the truth He gave you, he choked on it. That is what made him behave as you saw."So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ pardoned him. The Prophet ﷺ and his companions used to pardon the polytheists and the People of the Book as Allah had commanded them, and they bore their abuse patiently. Allah عز وجل said, "And you will surely hear from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with Allah much abuse" [Al Imran 3:186], and Allah said, "Many of the People of the Book wish they could turn you back into disbelievers after you have believed, out of envy on their part" [Baqarah 2:109] to the end of the verse.The Prophet ﷺ held to the pardon Allah had commanded him to show until Allah gave him leave concerning them. Then, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fought at Badr and Allah destroyed through him the chieftains of the disbelievers of Quraysh, Ibn Ubayy bin Salul and those polytheists and idol worshippers with him said, "This affair has now prevailed." So they pledged allegiance to the Messenger ﷺ on Islam, and they became Muslims.

Azami 12110

Sahih

عن أسامة بن زيد

أن رسول الله ﷺ ركب على حمار على قطيفة فدكية، وأردف أسامة بن زيد وراءه، يعود سعد بن عبادة في بني الحارث بن الخزرج قبل وقعة بدر، قال: حتى مر بمجلس فيه عبد الله بن أبي بن سلول، وذلك قبل أن يسلم عبد الله بن أبي، فإذا في المجلس أخلاط من المسلمين والمشركين عبدة الأوثان واليهود والمسلمين، وفي المجلس عبد الله بن رواحة، فلما غشيت المجلس عجاجة الدابة خمر عبد الله بن أبي أنفه بردائه ثم قال: لا تغبروا علينا، فسلم رسول الله ﷺ عليهم ثم وقف فنزل، فدعاهم إلى الله، وقرأ عليهم القرآن، فقال عبد الله بن أبي بن سلول: أيها المرء، إنه لا أحسن مما تقول إن كان حقا فلا تؤذنا به في مجلسنا، ارجع إلى رحلك فمن جاءك فاقصص عليه. فقال عبد الله بن رواحة: بلى يا رسول الله فاغشنا به في مجالسنا، فإنا نحب ذلك. فاستب المسلمون والمشركون واليهود حتى كادوا يتثاورون، فلم يزل النبي ﷺ يخفضهم حتى سكنوا، ثم ركب النبي ﷺ دابته فسار حتى دخل على سعد بن عبادة، فقال له النبي ﷺ: يا سعد ألم تسمع ما قال أبو حباب- يريد عبد الله بن أبي- قال كذا وكذا. قال سعد بن عبادة: يا رسول الله اعف عنه واصفح عنه، فوالذي أنزل عليك الكتاب، لقد جاء الله بالحق الذي أنزل عليك ولقد اصطلح أهل هذه البحيرة على أن يتوجوه فيعصبونه بالعصابة، فلما أبى الله ذلك بالحق الذي أعطاك الله شرق بذلك، فذلك فعل به ما رأيت. فعفا عنه رسول الله ﷺ وكان النبي ﷺ وأصحابه يعفون عن المشركين وأهل الكتاب كما أمرهم الله، ويصطبرون على الأذى، قال الله عز وجل: {ولتسمعن من الذين أوتوا الكتب من قبلكم ومن الذين أشركوا أذى كثيرا} الآية وقال الله: {ود كثير من أهل الكتب لو يردونكم من بعد إيمنكم كفارا حسدا من عند أنفسهم} [البقرة: ١٠٩] إلى آخر الآية. وكان النبي ﷺ يتأول العفو ما أمره الله به، حتى أذن الله فيهم، فلما غزا رسول الله ﷺ بدرا فقتل الله به صناديد كفار قريش قال ابن أبي بن سلول ومن معه من المشركين وعبدة الأوثان: هذا أمر قد توجه، فبايعوا الرسول ﷺ على الإسلام، فأسلموا.

الأعظمي 12110صحيح
Contents
Reference
Commentary
Ayat
Collection
Jami al-Kamil
Book
Tafsir of the great Quran
Chapter
Virtues of Surah Baqarah
Section
His saying, "You will surely be tested in your wealth and yourselves, and you will surely hear from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with Allah much abuse. But if you are patient and fear Allah, that is of the matters requiring determination"
Numbering
Jami al-Kamil 12110 (2nd edition)
Azami 12110