Concerning the saying of Allah , "And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their loins, their descendants and made them testify against themselves" [Araf 7:172], the verse continues. He said, "He gathered them and made them into spirits, then He gave them form and caused them to speak, so they spoke. Then He took from them the covenant and the pledge, and made them testify against themselves, 'Am I not your Lord?' He said, 'I call to witness against you the seven heavens and the seven earths, and I call to witness against you your father Adam
, lest you say on the Day of Resurrection that you did not know of this. Know that there is no god besides Me and no Lord besides Me, so do not associate anything with Me. I will send to you My messengers to remind you of My covenant and My pledge, and I will send down to you My books.' They said, 'We bear witness that You are our Lord and our God. We have no Lord besides You.' So they affirmed this.Then Adam was raised up over them, looking at them, and he saw the rich and the poor, the beautiful in form and those of lesser appearance. He said, 'My Lord, why did You not make Your servants equal?' He said, 'I loved to be thanked.' He saw among them the prophets like lamps with light upon them. They were singled out with another covenant concerning the message and prophethood. That is His saying, "And when We took from the prophets their covenant" up to His saying, "and Isa son of Maryam" [Ahzab 33:7]. He was among those spirits, and He sent him to Maryam."It was related from Ubayy that he entered through her mouth.
حدثنا عبد الله حدثنا محمد بن يعقوب الزبالي حدثنا المعتمر بن سليمان سمعت أبي يحدث عن الربيع بن أنس عن رفيع أبي العالية
في قول الله عز وجل {وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذرياتهم وأشهدهم على أنفسهم} الآية قال جمعهم فجعلهم أرواحا ثم صورهم فاستنطقهم فتكلموا ثم أخذ عليهم العهد والميثاق وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم قال فإني أشهد عليكم السموات السبع والأرضين السبع وأشهد عليكم أباكم آدم عليه السلام أن تقولوا يوم القيامة لم نعلم بهذا اعلموا أنه لا إله غيري ولا رب غيري فلا تشركوا بي شيئا وإني سأرسل إليكم رسلي يذكرونكم عهدي وميثاقي وأنزل عليكم كتبي قالوا شهدنا بأنك ربنا وإلهنا لا رب لنا غيرك فأقروا بذلك ورفع عليهم آدم ينظر إليهم فرأى الغني والفقير وحسن الصورة ودون ذلك فقال رب لولا سويت بين عبادك قال إني أحببت أن أشكر ورأى الأنبياء فيهم مثل السرج عليهم النور خصوا بميثاق آخر في الرسالة والنبوة وهو قوله تعالى {وإذ أخذنا من النبيين ميثاقهم} إلى قوله {عيسى ابن مريم} كان في تلك الأرواح فأرسله إلى مريم فحدث عن أبي أنه دخل من فيها