We used to engage in muzaraah and saw no harm in it, until Rafi bin Khadij claimed that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had forbidden it.Amr said, "I mentioned this to Tawus."Tawus said, "Ibn Abbas said, 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ only said, For one of you to grant his brother the use of his land is better for him than taking a fixed rent for it.'"
حدثنا وكيع حدثنا سفيان عن عمرو بن دينار قال سمعت
كنا نخابر ولا نرى بذلك بأسا حتى زعم رافع بن خديج أن رسول الله ﷺ نهى عنه قال عمرو ذكرته لطاوس فقال طاوس قال ابن عباس إنما قال رسول الله ﷺ يمنح أحدكم أخاه الأرض خير له من أن يأخذ لها خراجا معلوما
Its isnad is sahih. Abu Dawud narrated it in 3:267 through the route of Thawri. Munziri said, Muslim, Nasai, and Ibn Majah also narrated it. The hadith of Rafi bin Khadij will come again in his musnad several times, including at 15868, 15873, and 15880, and in vol. 4 p. 140 h.Nukhabir is from mukhabara. In Nihayah it is said this is sharecropping for a specified share, such as a third, a quarter, or something else, and khibrah [with damma on the kha and sukun on the ba] means the share. It is also said to come from khabar [with fatha on the kha and a light ba], meaning soft land. And it is said that the origin of mukhabara is from Khaybar, because the Prophet ﷺ left it in the hands of its people for half of its produce, so it was said, "he did mukhabara with them," meaning he made an agreement with them in Khaybar.See al-Muntaqa 3051, 3054, 3059, and 3060. It will come again abridged at 2541 and in full at 2598. See also 2864.