When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away and Abu Bakr was appointed caliph after him, some of the Arabs reverted to disbelief. Umar bin Khattab said to Abu Bakr, "How can you fight these people when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'I have been commanded to fight people until they say there is no god but Allah. Whoever says there is no god but Allah has secured from me his wealth and his life, except for what is due in justice, and his reckoning is with Allah '?"Abu Bakr replied, "By Allah, I will fight anyone who separates prayer from zakat, for zakat is the obligation due on wealth. By Allah, if they withheld from me even a young goat that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I would fight them for withholding it."Umar bin Khattab said, "By Allah, the moment I saw that Allah
had opened Abu Bakr's heart to fighting them, I knew that he was right."
حدثنا قتيبة بن سعيد الثقفي حدثنا الليث عن عقيل عن الزهري أخبرني عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عتبة
لما توفي رسول الله ﷺ واستخلف أبو بكر بعده وكفر من كفر من العرب قال عمر بن الخطاب لأبي بكر كيف تقاتل الناس وقد قال رسول الله ﷺ أمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يقولوا لا إله إلا الله فمن قال لا إله إلا الله عصم مني ماله ونفسه إلا بحقه وحسابه على الله عز وجل فقال أبو بكر والله لأقاتلن من فرق بين الصلاة والزكاة فإن الزكاة حق المال والله لو منعوني عقالا كانوا يؤدونه إلى رسول الله ﷺ لقاتلتهم على منعه فقال عمر بن الخطاب فوالله ما هو إلا أن رأيت الله عز وجل قد شرح صدر أبي بكر للقتال قال فعرفت أنه الحق
Bukhari narrated it in the Book of Holding Fast to the Book and the Sunnah, chapter on following the sunan of the Messenger of Allah, hadith no. 7284, 7285, and Muslim in the Book of Faith, chapter on the command to fight people until they say "There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah"... and so on, hadith no. 20, both of them from Qutayba bin Saeed with this wording. The hadith of Rabah is found in Ahmad, 1/4847, and that of Maamar is found in Abdul-Razzaq, hadith no. 6916, and elsewhere.